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Endocrinology

The Endocrinology Conference is moderated by Eli Ipp, M.B., B.Ch., Professor of Medicine at UCLA School of Medicine.

This conference may include discussion of commercial products and services.

The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the sponsor or its publisher. Please review complete prescribing information of specific drugs or combination of drugs, including indications, contraindications, warnings and adverse effects before administering pharmacologic therapy to patients.

The Treatment and Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: 2019 Update

The patient is a 51-year-old, white male with new-onset diabetes. He has a strong family history of diabetes. His BMI is 17 kg/m2, he is normotensive and has had hypercholesterolemia treated with atorvastatin 10 mg daily; his triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol were normal. The patient did not have evidence of any chronic diabetic complications. Laboratory results showed an initial HbA1c of 11%, a low C-peptide (0.7 ng/ml) and high antibodies to glutamic acid dehydrogenase (anti-GAD)
Authors: Sheryl Merkin, M.S., F.N.P., C.D.E., Sharon Movsas, M.S., R.D., C.D.E. and Joel Zonszein, M.D., C.D.E.
Estimated Time: 1 Hour
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Eli Ipp, M.B., B.Ch.

Endocrinology

Dr. Eli Ipp, Cyberounds® Endocrinology moderator, is Professor of Medicine at the UCLA School of Medicine, Head of the Section of Diabetes and Metabolism at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Associate Director of its General Clinical Research Center. Eli is a graduate of the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa and completed his training at the Sheba Medical Center in Israel and the University of Texas, Southwestern Medical School. Board certified in internal medicine and endocrinology, Eli has held faculty positions at the Hebrew University and the University of Chicago. His major areas of research interest are islet physiology and its relationship to the pathogenesis of diabetes and hypoglycemia.

Within the past 12 months, Dr. Ipp has received grant/research support from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis and ToleRx, and been a consultant for Lilly.

Last Update: 2/21/2021

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More Endocrinology Courses

Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a clinical syndrome occurring as a consequence of growth hormone (GH) excess during adult life. In these patients, GH is almost always secreted by a pituitary adenoma (95% of cases). Of the remaining patients, ectopic growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) secretion by an extrapituitary tumor, eutopic GHRH secretion by a hypothalamic tumor (including gangliocytoma) or, very rarely, ectopic GH secretion by an extrasellar tumor is the underlying cause of GH excess. Iatrogenic or surreptitious GH administration in
Authors: Nicholas A. Tritos, M.D., D.Sc.
Estimated Time: 1 Hour
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Progestins and the Brain

Progestins are a class of molecules composed of the naturally occurring progesterone and synthesized steroids initially designed to block the proliferative effects of estrogen in reproductive tissues, specifically in the uterus. Several generations of clinical progestins have been synthesized and marketed for contraception and hormone therapy. While the target of progestins used in hormone therapy is primarily the uterus, progestin therapy affects every major organ system including the brain, the cardiovascular system, the immune system and hematopoietic system.
Authors: Muye Zhu, B.S., and Roberta Diaz Brinton, Ph.D.
Estimated Time: 1 Hour
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Lipoproteins and Apolipoproteins In The Brain

Lipoproteins are extracellular macromolecular complexes composed of lipids, lipid-soluble molecules and proteins. Apolipoproteins are specialized lipoprotein-associated proteins that stabilize lipoprotein particles and enable transfer of hydrophobic molecules through an aqueous environment in intravascular and extracellular space. Binding of apolipoproteins to specialized lipoprotein receptors on the cell surface facilitates bi-directional transfer of lipids and lipid-soluble molecules, such as vitamins E, D, K and A, between lipoprotein particles and cells. In this capacity, apolipoproteins are essential for regulation of cellular lipid
Authors: Simona Vuletic, M.D.
Estimated Time: 1 Hour
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Neuropathic Complications of Diabetes

The type of symptoms and signs experienced by patients with diabetic neuropathy will depend on the nerves involved. For example, many individuals will first notice numbness, tingling or pain in the feet. These symptoms are initially mild but, typically, worsen over the years, and then decrease with progressive damage and loss of the affected nerves. Some individuals will report muscle weakness associated with wasting involving the hands or feet. Others present with impaired function involving the autonomic or involuntary
Authors: John W. Wiley, M.D., and Roberto Towns, Ph.D.
Estimated Time: 1 Hour
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Glucose Sensing in the Central Nervous System

The brain is an obligate glucose consumer and critically dependent on glucose supply for normal function. Maintaining blood glucose levels within a tight physiological range is critical to whole-body glucose homeostasis. For patients with diabetes, many of the glucose lowering drugs used to treat hyperglycemia can reduce blood sugar below the physiological range and induce a state of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). In response to hypoglycemia, as a means of self-preservation, the brain coordinates a stress (counterregulatory) response to rapidly
Authors: Kelly A. Diggs-Andrews, B.S., Julie M. Silverstein, M.D., and Simon J. Fisher, M.D., Ph.D.
Estimated Time: 1 Hour
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Extracellular Calcium and Calcium Sensing Receptors: Evolving Perspectives

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) plays key roles in the maintenance of a narrow range (1.1-1.3 mM) of extracellular ionized calcium concentration (Ca2+o), primarily by modulating the function of chief cells of the parathyroid gland. The CaSR regulates the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as parathyroid cellular proliferation, inhibiting all three processes when Ca2+o is high and stimulating them when Ca2+o is low. It serves as a "calciostat," informing the parathyroid glands and other tissues where
Authors: Ogo I. Egbuna, M.D., M.Sc., and Edward M. Brown, M.D.
Estimated Time: 1 Hour
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