Suppression of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System

The link between elevated blood pressure and cardiovascular disease is firmly established. How to treat HBP is less certain.

Significant progress has been made in the primary and secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, but it remains a leading cause of death.

The most important feature which distinguishes AF from other atrial arrhythmias is the absence of P waves.

The rate of hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure will continue to increase because of an aging population.

Cardiac arrhythmias may be seen in individuals with known cardiovascular disease (i.e., coronary artery disease (CAD) or valvular abnormalities) or even in those without known cardiac illnesses. The spectrum of cardiac arrhythmias varies between more self-limited or minimally symptomatic findings such as palpitations, which may be associated with premature supraventricular or ventricular beats that many experience, to the more worrisome ventricular fibrillation, a known cause of sudden cardiac arrest for which emergency cardiac resuscitation is required. of cardiac arrhythmias varies between more self-limited or minimally symptomatic findings such as palpitations, which may be associated with premature supraventricular or ventricular beats that many experience, to the more worrisome ventricular fibrillation, a known cause of sudden cardiac arrest for which emergency cardiac resuscitation is required.

There are two broad strategic treatment options for AF treatment: rhythm control and rate control.